Typewriting machine



J. J.-KITTEL TYPEWRITING MACHINE April 7, 1942.

Filed April 3, 1940 9 Sheets-Sheet g Jbl' w gf ffiffel ill] M w xATTORNEYS Ap' 7, 1942. J.J. KITT EL TYPEWRITING MACHINE 9 Sheets-Sheet 3Filed' April :5, 1940 1 IIIIIIIIIIIII) (""11 |7 I 1 INVENTOR,

cTohn L7: Klf'l'el 6 ATTORNEYS April 7, 1942. KlTTEL;

TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed April 3, 1940 ssheets-sheet 5 INVENTOR n o J 4ATTORNEYS April 1942- J. J.KITTEL TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed April 3,1940 I 9 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR v JohncThiffe/ P- flwm' may A'ATTORN YSJ.- J. KITTEL TYPEWRITING MACHINE A ril 7, 1942.

9 Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed April 3, 1940 ATTORNEYS INVENTOR Jbhn cl Kifl'e/'BY Patented Apr. .7, 1942 I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE a TYPEWBITINGMACHINE John Joseph Kittel, St.;Albans, N. Y., assignor to RoyalTypewriter Company, Inc, New York,

N. Y.,acorporation of New York Application April 3, 1940, Serial No.327,701 62 Claims. (Cl. 19'766) This invention relates to typewritingmachines,

and more particularly to apparatus for transmit-' ting and controllingtheapplication of power to parts of the typewriter mechanism foroperating and controlling them.

In most conventional typewriters the carriage isurged in theletter-spacing direction by means of a spring barrel connected to thecarriage by a draw band or the like. It is well known that the draw orpull exerted on'the carriage by such equipment varies appreciably, beinggreatest when the barrel spring. has been wound up, i. e.,

' with the carriage at the end of its return travel,

and being least when the carriage has moved to the other limit of itstravel. This variation in letter-spacing pull on the. carriage preventsthe action of the-carriage from being entirely uniform throughout thewhole range of'its letterspacing travel, which is objectionable.

. Accordingly, one of the principal objects of the invention is toprovide improved mechanism for moving a typewriter carriage inletter-spacing direction, one feature of this mechanism being that theforce it exerts on the carriage is uniform for all positions of thecarriage throughout its range of travel on the main frame. A

a complementary object is to provide carriage driving mechanism adaptedto exert a smooth, cushioned, uniform force'tending to drive thecarriage for letter-spacing. In attaining this obj jective a source ofconstantly available power,

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved mechanism fortransmitting power from a motor or the like to the carriage for movingthe latter in the return direction. When associated with a hydraulic orother slip letterspacing drive of the character referred to above,

the carriage-return drive mechanism may be ar ranged to drive thecarriage relatively positively,

that is, in p'redominating'opposition to the carsuch as a smallelectricmotor, may be connected to'the carriage through a drive coupling capableof slipping when the carriage is held stationary by the usual escapementmechanism or is moved in the return direction. A kinetlctype hydraulicor fluid coupling device has been found to possess superiorcharacteristics adapting it for this purpose. Such a coupling assuresthe steady application of smooth, cushioned force tending to move thecarriage for letter-spacing with a minimum of vibration and shocks. The

movements of the carriage are damped and the noises, heretoforeobjectionable, are muflied and thus minimized. In a modification, amechanical slip drive coupling is provided for transmittingletter-spacing power to the carriage.) Such a. coupling, althoughlacking some of the characteristics of a fluid coupling, such as a fulldegree of cushioning and sound-muming effect, assures the application ofuniform driving force riageletter spacing force exerted through the slipcoupling.

Another object is to provide a carriage drive mechanismincludingplanetary gearing. Such gearing, particularly adapted for transmittincarriage-return drive, may be used in association with suitable meansfor transmitting letter.-

spacing drive, such, for example, as and preferably a slip couplingdrive of the kind previously referred to. A corelative object is toprovide mechanism for controlling the operation of the planetary gearingdrive. Another object is to provide a fluid coupling device of thecharacter-referred to above which is arranged to deliver fluid underconstant pressureto a branch pipe or conduit adapted to com-' municatewith a pressure-actuated device for operating a part of the typewriterother than the carriage.

' Another object to provide an improved power-operated line-spacingmechanism and,

controls therefor, preferably coordinating the line-spacing operationwith the carriage return with tabulating mechanism and a tabular bralrecooperable with the band. 1

Other objects will be apparent from a reade in'g of the followingdescription, the appended view of a typewriter embodying the inventionto the carriage irrespective 'of its position on the frame; and isparticularly adapted-for coopequipment to be referred to below.

' eration with improved carriage-returning drivein one form;

Figure 2 is an inverted sectional view taken' on the line 2-2 of Figure.1 with some-parts being shown in elevation and some others beingomitted; f

- Figure 3 is an enlarged horizontal sectional view ofa iiuid couplingand planetary gearing drive transmission assembly drawn on an enlargedscale;

Figure4 is a fragmentary transverse sectional view taken on the line 4-4of Figure 1 and drawn on an enlarged scale;

Figure 5 is a fragmentary detailed view in elevation as viewed whenlooking in the direction of the arrow 5 in Figurel, and drawn on anenlarged scale;

Figures 6, '7, and 8 are diagrammatic showings indicating, respectively,the directions of movement of drive transmission parts shown in Figures1, 2, and 3 at different stages-of the operation;

Figure 9 is a schematic view illustrating a modified form of couplingemploying air as the working medium, and illustrating a principle of theinvention;

Figure 10 is a developed plan illustrating schematically a furtherembodiment of the invention;

Figure 11 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional view of drive mechanismincludedin the form of embodiment shown in Figure 10, and drawn on anenlarged scale;

Figure 12-is a vertical sectional view on'the line |2-l2 of Figure 11;

Figure 13 is' a transverse sectional view on the irregular lines l3-l3in Figure 11, and drawn on an enlarged scale;

Figure 14 is a vertical cross section on the irregular line 8-44 inFigure 13;

Figure 15 is a vertical section on the line l5-I 5 of Figure 14;

Figure 16 is a. vertical cross section showing the relationship betweenthe usual carriage and escapement parts and drive mechanism, shown inFigures 10 and 11, the parts being drawn to a smaller scale than inFigure 11;

Figure 17 is a fragmentary view, mainly in front elevation but withparts shown in section, on the line Il-I'I of Figure 10, showingautomatic control mechanism in its state-of-rest position;

Figure 18 is a view similar to Figure 17 but in which some parts areomitted and others are shown in the positions occupied during anotherstage of their controlling action;

laminated blanks to compensate for back lash;

Figure 32 is a longitudinal sectional view of a further modified form ofdrive gearing including planetary gearing and a mechanical slip orfriction drive device; and

Figure .19 is a view similar to Figure l8,but

.ment of the parts of the mechanism shown in Figures 10, to 21, duringdifferent stages of operation;

Figure 28 is a diagrammatic showing of an arrangement in which thecarriage is driven by a looped, flexible band and is coordinated by acommon control means with tabulating mechanism and a tabulating brake;

Figure 29 is a longitudinal sectional view of a modified form ofcarriage drive including planetary gearing and a mechanicalslip'friction drive connection;

Figure 30 is an end elevation oila brake mech- Figure 33 is alongitudinal sectional view showing a still further modified form ofdrive gearing including planetary gearing and a mechanical slip orfriction drive device.

Figures 1 to 9 inclusive, show one illustrative embodiment applied to atypewriterincluding' a frame A and a carriage B mounted for travel inletter-spacing and return directions on the frame through the medium ofa carriage rail I supported on ball bearings 2 arranged to run on aframe rail 3. The carriage is equipped with the usual platen 4 andescapement rack 5 which meshes with an escapement pinion, 6 rotatable inunison with an escapement wheel 1 adapted to be controlled by dogs 8 and9 carried in the usual manner on a dog rocker l0 pivoted on the frame Aat II-l I. These parts may .be of any known or suitable construction,the present invention as embodied in the form shown in Figures 1 to 9,inclusive, comprising mechanism for driving the carriage andcombinations of such mechanism with the conventional parts thus farreferred to.

The carriage is driven by a looped belt or draw band l2 connected to acarriage bracket l3 and arranged to be operated bymechanism generallydesignated C, preferably mounted on and at one end of the frame A. Themechanism C includes a carriage drive pulley element l4 mounted anddriven in a manner to be described later. As shown in Figure 1, the bandi2 passes from the pulley l4 around a flanged roller I5 journaled on aframe-mounted bracket l6, and thence extends toward the center of theframe A and partially around a flanged roller l'l journaled ona bracketi8 carried by the frame A. The hand then extends partially around and incontact with a drum l9 journaled at 20 on the bracket l8, and thencearound a flanged roller 2| on the bracket l8, and passes in contact witha flanged roller 22 on a frame-mounted bracket 23.

journaled on the bracket 23, and is returned toward the center of theframe for connection to the carriage bracket I 3. From the carriagebracket IS the band extends longitudinally of the frame around a flangedroller 25 iournaled on a lever 26 pivoted as at 26 on the bracket 46. Aspring 21 connected to the lever 26 yieldably maintains the band I2under tension, which may be adjusted by means of a screw 28 havinthreaded engagement with the bracket IS. The band extends from theroller 25 in contact with a flanged roller 29 on a bracket 29', andthence back around the pulley l4. It will be apparent that rotation ofthe pulley I4 in'the direction of the arrow a in Figure 1 will drive thecarriage in the letter-spacing direction (toward the left as viewed inFigure 1), as indicated by the arrow b;

whereas rotation of the pulley in the opposite di rection .will drivethe carriage in the return direction opposite that indicated by thearrow b, The spring 21 urges the roller mounting lever or device to movethe roller 25 away from the roller 24, that is, in the direction of thearrow b in Figure 1. This tends to move the carriage The band 12 thenpasses around a flanged roller 24 in the same direction and maintains atooth of ment (not shown).- The arrangement is such that, when thecarriage moves in the return direction,the drum l9, gear 30, and pinion3| will rotate idly, but, when the carriage is moved in letter-spacingdirection, the drum l9, gear 30,

and pinion 3| will drive the shaft 32. through the ratchet device 32? soas to effect ribbon feeding.

The mechanism C includes an electric motor 33 arranged to drive thepulley l4 through a. liquid coupling unit'capable of transmittingdriving force tending to move the carriage in letter-space direction,the driving force being uniform irrespective of the position of thecarriage longitudinally on the frame. The motor shaft 34 is directlyconnected to the propeller element or section of a kinetic typehydraulic coupling unit generally designated 35. The propeller sectioncomprises a housing 35 secured to the motor shaft 34 by'a set screw 31,and vanes 38 disposed within and rotatable with the housing. Thecoupling 35 also includes a runner element or section 39 disposed withinthe' propeller section housing 35 and provided with vanes 40 arranged influid-driving relation with the vanes 38 of; the

propeller section. A-shaft 4| extends through motor for moving thecarriage'at the desired speeds in either direction under selectiveoperator control.

p 3 constructed as tocoact with the fluid-coupled Assuming, for example,that the normal operating speed of the motor 33 is 7328 R. P. M., thedesired speed reduction and reversing of the direction of carriagetravel will be obtained by providing the sun gear'50 with thirty-twoteeth, the sun gear 55 with thirtythe housing 36 at 42, being freelyrotatable with respect to the housing, and is formed on its inner endwith a reduced portion 43 journaled for rotation in a bushing 44inserted in the housing-35. The reduced end 43 of the shaft 4| extendsthrough and is keyed to the runner 39 as at 45. The opposite end of theshaft i journaled for free rotation in-a bushing 45 carried by astandard 41 on the frame A.-

An innersleeve, 48 is mounted on the shaft 4| and is constrained torotate therewith by a pin 48. One end of the sleeve 48 is formed with asun gear 50 which is in constant mesh with a planetary pinion 5|journaled on a stub shaft52 carried by the propeller housing 35, and theother end of the sleeve 48 is keyed as at 53 to the pulley H. Abellows-type liquid seal 54' surrounding the shaft 4| is interposedbetween the housin and the adjacent end of the sleeve 48 to preventleakage of working fluid under ressure.

An outer sleeve 55 is mounted to turn freely on the sleeve 48, and atone. end is formed with a sun-gear 55 which fits up against the sun gearerably including a part positioned conveniently with respect to thekeyboard by means of which the operator may cause the bell crank lever5| in Figure 1 so as to applythe band 58 tothe brake drum 51.

three teeth, and the pinion 5| with twenty-two teeth. The pitchdiameters, the outside diameters, and the root diameters of the sungears 50 and 55 may all be equal, even though the number of teeth inthese gears is different. By providing each of the sun gears and pinionwith the specified number ofteeth, the difierence in speed between themotor and sun gears will be in the ratio approximately 33.3 to 1.0 whenthe carriage is driven in a letter-spacing direction, and will be in theratio 32.2'to 1.0 when the carriage is being driven in the returndirection. The arrangement described, therefore, makes it possible touse a small, high-speed motor which consumes little current and which iseflicient and quiet in operation. For maximum smoothness" and quietnessin operation, the propeller housing 35 should be statically anddynamically'balanced, and to this end it is provided with weights 55disposed to counterbalance the), weight of the planetary pinion 5| andits mounting.

To describe the operationpf the mechanism shown in Figures 1 to 5,inclusive, and with reference to the diagrammatic illustrations inFigures 6, 7, and 8, it will be assumed that the motor33 has beenstarted, that the escapement mechanism is holding the carriage against,movement in the letter-spacing direction, and that the brake band 58 isin released position to permit free rotation of the brake drum 51. Theholding of the carriage stationary prevents movement of the band l2. andconsequently prevents rotation of the pulley I4, the sleeve 48, theshaft ll, and

the sun gear 50. Slippage of the fluid between the vanes ,38 and willpermit continued rotation of the propeller housing 36 while the run,-ner 39 is held stationary. Rotation of the propeller housing 35 willcarry the planetary pinv ion 5| around in anorbital path, and engagementof the-pinion with the stationarysun gear 5|l'will cause the pinion torotate about its own axis and drive thesun gear 55, the sleeve 55, andthe brake drum 51 idly. .The directions of rotation of the parts duringthis stage of the operation are indicated by the arrows in Figure 6.

The arrows in Figure 7 indicate the direction of movement of the variousparts during release of the escapement mechanism to permit letterspacingmovement of the carriage. When the carriage has been released, as byoperation of a key lever or space bar (not shown) for letterspacing,rotation of the propeller. 35 drives the runner 33 through the fluidcoupling between the to be swun in a clockwisedirection as viewed.

The planetary reversing gearing comprised by the'sun gears 50 and andthe pinion 5| is so pr peller and runner, and rotates the shaft 6|,

this driving of the carriage, the sun gear 55, sleeve 55; and brake drum51 will be drivenidly by the pinion 5|.

The arrows in Figure 8 indicate the directions of movement of the partswhen the brake band 58 isapplied by operation of the lever 5| to'effectreturn movement of the carriage through mechanically coupled driveconnections. when the brake band is applied, the brake drum 51 and thesun gear 56 will be held against rotation.

During rotation of the propeller housing 36 by the motor coupleddirectly to the housing, the pinion 5i rolls around the stationary sungear 56 and is rotated about its own axis. The relative numbers of teethin the sun gears 50 and 56 and the planetary pinion 5| are such that thesun gear 50 then will be rotated by the pinion 5| in a manner .to drivethe pulley I4 reversely independently of the runner 39 so as to drivethe actuating fluid-responsive devices (not shown) which may be providedfor operating parts of the typewriter mechanism other than thecarriagemoving parts. In the form shown in Figures 1 and 2, thepropeller housing 36 is formed with a I passage 61 leading from the zoneof the blades 36 inwardly to a space 68 between the end of the motorshaft 34 and the adjacent end of the shaft 4!. An axial passage 69 inthe shaft 4I opens into a space "I at the opposite end of the shaftwhich communicates with a pipe II controlled by a valve I2. Beyond thevalve the pipe is provided with a plurality of branches I3 adapted to beconnected to fluid-responsive devices for operating parts of thetypewriter mechanism such, for example, as the case-shifting.back-spacing, tabulating, and type bar action mechanisms (not shown).stood that. regardless of the operation of the planetary gearing andpulley [4 for driving the carriage, the fluid in the coupling device 36always will be under pressure communicable through the pipe II andbranches 13 for operating such other mechanisms.

Figure 9 shows diagrammatically, and as illustrating a principle ofoperation of mechanism embodying the invention,, a modified fluidcoupling device I4 including a fixed housing 15, a propeller I6 drivenby a motor I1, and a runner I8 adapted to be driven by an air currentcaused by rotation of the propeller I6, the air current being drawn inthrough the opening 19 at one end of the housing I and forced outthrough the opening 80 at the other end thereof.

' The embodiment of the invention shown in Figures to 27, inclusive,includes a fluid drive coupling of the kinetic type interposed betweenthe power source and carriage, and arranged to cooperate with reversingplanetary gearing so controlled as to provide for cushioned carriagedrive and power line spacing all under the control of a manuallyoperable device such as a key lever located conveniently with respect tothe typewriter keyboard. A typewriter embodying this form of theinvention is shown as including a main frame A and a carriage B mountedfor letter-spacing and return movements on the frame in the usualmanner. The carriage is provided with an escapement rack 8| in mesh withan escapement pinion 82 journaled on the frame A and fast with anescapement wheel 83 cooperable withescapement dogs 84 and 85 carried bya rocker 86. These parts may be of known or any suitable construction.

The carriage is arranged to be power-driven in both directions by meansof a drive rack 8'! mounted on the carriage and in mesh with a carriagefeed gear 88 forming part of mechanism generally designated C. Thismechanism includes an electric motor 89 mounted on the frame A andhaving a shaft 90which mounts a V- pulley 9I secured to the shaft by aset screw 92.

A propeller shaft 93 has a flattened end portion disposed within thepulley 9| in interflttingrelation with a similar end portion on themotor shaft 90 whereby the shafts 90 and 93 are constrained to rotate inunison. The shaft 93 is joumaled in an antifriction bearing 94 carriedby a frame-mounted bracket 95 and is formed integrally with thepropeller element 96 of a kinetic type fluid coupling generallydesignated 91 which also includes a runner housing element 98. Aspring-pressed, bellows type gland 99 interposed between the bracket 95and the runner housing 98 prevents leakage of working fluid from withinthe housing and around the shaft 93. The

shaft 93 is provided with a reduced end portion 93 which is joumaled ina bushing I00 fitted axially in the housing 98. A shaft I 0| secured toIt will be underthe housing 98 by a set screw I02 is journaled in aframe-mounted bracket I03 and is fitted with a V-pulley I04. Thepropeller 96 is provided with vanes I05 similar to the vanes 38described with reference to Figure 3, and the runner 98 is provided withvanes I06 which differ from the vanes previously described in that theyare cut away as at I06 in order to reduce resistance to slip between theworking fluid and the impeller and runner. The vanes of the impeller orrunner, or of bothymay be cut away more or less to reduce or increasethe resistance to slip; and thus to provide for the transmission of justthe right torque for driving a carriage of a particular size or weight.

The motor pulley! and the runner pulley I04 are connected to planetarygearing controllable to produce cushioned carriage drive. A shaft I01supported at I 08 and I 09 on a frame-mounted bracket IIO-journals acarrier gear iII and a lock gear II2, the hubs of these gears abuttingeach other and being confined between a spacer II3 abutting the bracketH0 and a collar II4 on one end of the shaft I01. The hub II5 of the lockgear is formed as a sleeve to which is secured a sun gear I I6 in meshwith three planetary pinions II I joumaled on the carrier gear II I. Asun gear I I8, fast with the carriage drive gear 88, is journaled forfree rotation on the hub H5 01 the lock gear H2 and meshes with threeplanetary pinions II9 also joumaled on the carrier gear III and fixedrespectively to the three planetary pinions I I I. pinions II I-I I9carried by the gear III are equidistantly spaced from each other asshown in Figurleisil3 and 20 so as to balance the carrier gear Thecarrier gear III meshes with a pinion' I20.

which is fast with a pulley I 2! journaled antifrictionally on a hollowspindle I22 fixed to the bracket H0 and to another frame-mounted bracketI23, as shown in Figure 14. In'operation, the pulley I2I is constantlyand positively driven by the motor 89 through the medium of a belt I2Iguided by a pulley I2I A shaft I24 is joumaled at its left hand end (asviewed in Figure 14) in the bracket I23, and at its opposite endprojects into and is journaled by the hollow spindle I22. A sleeve I25Joumaled on the shaft H24 is fast with a pinion I26 meshing with a gearI21 in turn meshing with a gear I28 which The three sets of planetarymeshes with the carriage drive gear 88 (see Figures 13 and 14) At theend of the sleeve opposite the pinion I26 is a ratchet wheel I29 fastwith the sleeve and adapted to cooperate with a pawl I30 pivoted on apawl carrier I3I held fast to the shaft I24 by a set screw I32. Theshaft I24 is adapted to be connected at I33 to a ribbon feed mechanismof a known or suitable kind.

A brake drum I34 journaled for free rotation on the sleeve I25 is fixedto a pinion I35 which meshes with the lock gear II2. A control band I36partially surrounds the drum I35 and is connected by means of springsI31 to a rock arm I38 secured to a shaft I39 mounted on the framebracket I23. Rocking of the shaft'l39 will apply the band I36 to thebrakedrum I 34 to control the movement of the carriage drive gear 88 ina manner later to be-described. 'For operating the rock shaft I39,connections between the shaft and a manually operable device locatedconveniently.

with respect to the keyboard are provided. In

the form shown these connections include an arm I40 secured to the shaftI39 and connected by'a link I4I to one arm of a lever I42 secured to ashaft I43 pivoted as at I44 on the frame A. The other arm of the leverI42 is connected by a link I45 to a control key lever I46 pivoted as atI41 to the frame A (see Figures 10, 11, 13, and 16) The cushioned drivefrom the fluid coupling runner 98 is transmitted by a belt I48 engagingthe runner pulley I04 and being guided by pulleys I49 to a pulley I50secured to a shaft I5I which is journaled on the frame-mounted bracketI23 and is provided with a gear pinion I52 meshing with the carriagefeed gear 88.

Figure 10 shows, by way of example, one suitable form of control for themotor 89. duotors I53 and I54 lead from a source of electric power, andinterposed in the conductor I53 are a fuse I55 and speed controlrheostat I56. Interposed in the conductor I54 is a starting and stoppingswitch I51 including contact elements I58 and I59 shunted by a condenserI60 adapted to reduce sparking and eddy currents, and to demagnetize thecontacts I58 and I59.

In the operation of the mechanism thus far described, the switch I51 isclosed so as to start the motor 89. The rheos'tat I56 should be set toprovide the desired motor speed, but after once being set will not oftenrequire further adjustment, the motor operation being controlled mainlyby the starting and stopping switch I51. When the motor is running andbefore typing has been started, the escapement will hold the carriage,

. likewise will be held stationary, as is permitted by the slippageoffluid between the vanes I05 and I06 of the coupling 91. The carriergear III will be driven positively by the motor 89, belt I2I pulley I2I,and pinion I20, thus carrying the planetary pinions H1 and H9 in anorbital path around their respectively associated sun gears I I6 and H8.The planetary pinions also will rotate about their own axes in thedirections indicated by the arrows, which will cause the sun gear H6 andthe lock gear II2 fast therewith to rotate Two confreely, this beingpermitted because the band I36 is not applied to the brake drum I34which is geared to the lock gear II2 through the pinion I35. Thus themotor 89 may run continuously while the escapement mechanism holds thecarriage against movement.

When the operator operates the escapement mechanism to release thecarriage for travel in the letter-spacing direction, as by depressing akey lever or the space bar, the parts of the drive mechanism C will movein the directions indicated by the arrows applied to the several partsin Figure 23, it being noted that at this stage of the operation alsothe brake drum I34 is free to rotate without restraint by the band I36.The fluid coupling runner 98 will transmit drive through the belt I48,shaft I5I, and gear I52 to the carriage feed gear 88 so as toapply acushioned driving force to the carriage rack 81 for moving the carriagein the letter-spacing direction- The carrier gear III still will bedriven positively by the motor so as to carry the planetary pinions I I1and I I9 around the associated sun gears I I6 and I I8, and this willrotate the sun gear I I6 and the lock gear I I2 fast therewith in thedirection indicated by the arrows.

To effect a return movement of the carriage, the key lever I46 isdepressed partially, only to an extent required'to apply the band I36 tothe brake drum I34, which, through the pinion I35, holds the lock gear II2 and the sun gear I I6 stationary. The movement of the parts then willbe as indicated by the arrows in Figure 24. The carrier gear I I I willcontinue to be positively driven, and will carry the planetary pinions II1 and I IS in an orbital path around their sun gears H6 and H8, and,since the sun gear I I6 will be held stationary, the sun gear I I8 andthe feed gear 88 now will be rotated reversely'to drive the rack 81 andcarriage in the return direction. During the return movement ofthe'carriage, the reverse rotation of the feed gear 88 will drive thegear I52, the shaft I5I,

platen and applies a brake for retarding the carriage return movement.As shown in Figure 10, the carriage is provided with a platen I6Irotatable for line-spacing by means of a ratchet I62 and a line spaceactuator pawl I63 operated by-a link I64, these parts being of known orany suitable construction. The link I64, instead of being connected tothe usual manually operable linespacing handle, is connected to aline-spacing lever I65 pivoted on the carriage as at I66 and I providedwith a sector I61 concentric with the pivot I66. A spring I68 interposedbetween the lever I65 and a fixed part on the carriage urges the leverand sector I61 to their normal or stateof-rest positions indicated bythe line I in .Figure 10.

I A band I69 secured at I10 to the sector I61 passes around guiderollers HI and I12 journaled on the carriage and thence longitudinallyin the back of the carriage, around a roller I13, and into a fixedanchorage I14 on' the'carriage. Mechanism for tensioning the band I69 toswing the sector I61 and lever I65 includes a threearmed lever I15pivoted at I16 on the usual tabular finger cover I11. Two arms I18 andI19 of the three-armed lever are provided with bandoperating rollerelements I80 and I 8I, respectively, and the third arm I82 of the leveris connected to an operating link I83. Pivoted coaxially with the'leverI15 is a two-armed lever I84, one arm I85 of which pivotally mounts abandoperating roller element I86, the other arm I81 of the lever I84being connected to an operating link I88. An intermediate portion of theband I69, in passing longitudinally in back of the carriage, extends infront of the roller I80 on the three-armed lever I15, in back of theroller I8I on the three-armed lever, and in back of the roller I86 onthe two-armed lever I84. As will be described later, the levers I15 andI84 are operated sequentially in timed relation to tension the band I69,to effect power line-spacing of the platen I6I, and to retard thecarriage during its return travel.

The link I88 is connected to an arm I89 fast on a shaft I90 supported bybearings I9I on the bracket IIO (see Figure 16). An extension controlarm I92 fixed to the shaft I90 is connected by a link I93 to an arm I94secured to the shaft I39. Depression of the key I46 which rocks theshaft I39 will rock the arm I94 so as to pull the link I93 and rock thearm I92, the shaft I90, and the arm I89, thus pulling the link I86 androcking the two-armed lever I84 in a counterclockwise direction asviewed in Figure 10.

The link I83 extending from the three-armed lever I15 is connected to anarm I95 fast with a sleeve I96 which is free to reckon a shaft I91pivoted on the bracket IIO (see Figure 16) Fast with the bushing I96 isan arm I98 provided at its upper end with a pin I99 on which is pivoteda hook pawl coupling 200, the nose 20I of which is adapted to engage ananti-friction roller 202 on an intermediate arm 203 fixed to the shaftI90. A restoring-spring 204 connected between the pawl and the arm I98urges the pawl normally to maintain' it in engagement with the roller202.- A link 205 is connected atone end to the pawl and at its other endis engaged in a slot 206 in a bracket 201 supported by the tabulatormechanism housing I11. v

In operation, when the key I46 is depressed throughout about one-quarterof its stroke, the

shaft I39, arm I94,'.an d'link I93 will be moved as previouslyexplained, and the three-armed member comprising the arms I89, I92, and203 will be rocked in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Figure17, pulling the pawl 200 and arm I98 to the left. Rocking ofthetwo-armed member comprised by the arm I98, the sleeve I96, and thearm I95 will pull the link I83 toward the left as viewed in Figure so asto rock the three-armed lever I in a counterclockwise direction. Thusthe initial depression of the key I46 will rock the two-armed lever I84and the three-armed lever I15 so as to move the band I 69 from the 1position to the II' position shown in Figure 10, thus pulling on theband and rockmg the line-space lever I65 from position I to position II.suchmovement constituting only the the nose I from the roller 208,thereby condi-' tioning the three-armed member I89-I92-202 carried outthus far mbves the parts to the positions shown in Figure 18 and sets upor conditions the mechanism for subsequent power-operated line-spacingof the platen.

Referring now to the mechanism for supplying power to eifectline-spacing of the platen in sequence to the manual conditioning of theline- 'spacing mechanism, an arm 208 fast on theshaft I91 is providedwith a pin 209 which extendr behind the arm I98. An arm 2I0 also fast onthe shaft I91 is provided with a roller 2II which normally rests uponand is held up by a seat 2I2 on a retaining member or dog 2I3 pivoted onthe bracket H0 and biased by a spring 2I4 into position for engaging andsupporting the roller 2I I. A line-spacing power spring 2I5 is inter--posed between the bracket H0 and a line-space drive member or operatingarm 2I6 fast .with the shaft I91, and constantly urges the arms 2I6,2I0, and 208 to rock in a counterclockwise direction, but normally thearms are held against such rotation'by means of the dog 2I3. Forreleasing the dog, an interponent 2I1 is pivotally mounted on theextension arm I92 and is urged by a spring 2I8 to'the position shown inFigure 1'1 in which a pin 2I9 at the lower end of the interponentengages a heel. 220 on the 2I1 will be moved downwardly and will swingthe dog 2I3 to the position shown in Figure '18, releasing the roller 2II and permitting the spring 2I5 to rock the three-armed member comprisedby the arms 208, 2I0, and 2I6 to the position shown in Figure 19.The'pin 2I9 will then slide 011 the dog heel 220, moving to the positionshown in full lines in Figure 19. Rocking of the arm 208 to the Figure19 position will cause the pin 209 to drive the arms I98 and I95counterclockwise to the position shown in Figure 19, pulling the linkI83 further and rocking the threearmed lever I15 to move the band I69 toposition 111' .and move the line-spacing lever I65 to position III,thereby effecting power-operated linespacing.

It is desirable that the arms I98 and I95 be held in the positions shownin Figure 19 during carriage return movement. To this end a holdingdevice comprising an extension 22I on the for further rocking movement.The operation as margin stop locator 222 pivoted at 223 on the centerstop 224 is formed with a seat or depression 225 which is adapted toreceive the pin I99 carried by the arm I98 when the arm has been movedto the Figure 19 position. When the pin I99 is engaged in the seat, thearm I98 and parts movable therewith will be held in the positions shownin.Figure 19 until the extension 22I is raised.

When the arm 2I6 moves downwardly, a restoring roller226 thereon entersa dwell in thethree-lobed cam 221 fixed to and rotatable withthe,carrier gear III. When a lobe 228 on the rotating cam 221 engagesthe restoring roller 226, the arm 2I6 will be returned to its Figure 17position, and the spring 2I4 will move the dog 2I3 clockwise so as againto position the seat 2I2.

under the roller 2 on the arm 2I0. The dog 2I3 is free to return to thisposition even during continued depression of the key I46 because theinterponent pin 2 I 9, in sliding off the dog heel 220, becameoperatively disconnected from the dog, and is disposed under theinclined surface 220 -sbelow the dog heel 220, as showniin dotted. linesin Figure 19. By holding the key I46 down,

the brake band I36 is applied to the brake drum I34 to efiectpower-operated carriage return in g the manner already described.

For restoring the power-operated line-spacing the. extension 22Iupwardly so, as to release the pin I99 from the seat 225, permitting thearm I96 to be returned to its initial position by a spring 236interposed between the arm and the tabulator mechanism cover I". Thisreturn ,movement of the arm I96 also returns the arm I 95flink I63, andthree-armed lever I15 to their initial positions. The two-armed leverI64 and the connections between it and the key I46 will be returned totheir initial positions when the key I46 is retracted or raised. Duringretraction of the key and consequent rocking of the arm I92 and liftingof the interponent 2", the pin 2I9 will be cammed outwardly by theinclined surface 226 on the dog 2I3 to permit the pin to' ride over theedge of the dog and then to be moved by the spring 2I6 over-the dog heel220.

To ,recapitulate the manner of operation of the embodiment shown inFigures to 27, inclusive, assuming the motor 89 to be running 10,placing the band under tension to produce a drag retarding the carriageand acting as a brake to overcome the inertia of the moving carriage,thus reducing its speed and avoiding Y shock at the end of its returntravel. I

To increasethe effectiveness, 1. e., retarding action, of the brake bandI69, friction washers may be arranged to bear on one or more of theband-contacting elements or rollers I80, I6I, and I88.

- on the roller I69 in Figure 17.

When the carriage reaches the end of itsre turn travel and is arrestedby engagement of the margin stop 229 with the stop locator 222 andengagement of the latter with the. center stop 224, the key I 46 isreleased, thus-releasing the brake band I36 from the drum I34 andpermitting the gears to rotate in the directions indi-' to slip in theband I36.

and the carriage to be positioned at the end of its return travel inreadiness for the writing of a line, the carriage will be held at restby the escapement mechanism, and the carriage-driving connectionsbetween the motor and carriagedncluding the planetary gearing and thefluid coupling 91, will be moving in the directions indicated by thearrows in Figure 22, as previously explained. Each time a key ever. orspace bar is depressed for typing and letter-spacing, the escapementwill be released, permitting the driving parts to move in the directionsindicated by the arrows in Figure 23. when the typing of a line has beencompleted, the key I46 is depressed approximately one-quarter of itsfull stroke, tht'" applying the brake band I36 to the brake drum I34 androcking the two-armed lever I84 and three-armed lever I15 to positionthe band I66 in the II position shown in Figure 10, and thus moving theline-spacing lever I 65 idly to posi-' tion 11 in Figure 10. The drivingconnections between the motor and the carriage will then move in thedirections indicated by the arrows in Figure 24. Further depression ofthe key I46 will move the arm I92 and interponent 2 I1 downwardly todisengage the dog 2I3 from the roller 2. This permits the spring 2I6 tomove the arm 2I6 downwardly, thereby rocking the shaft I91, arm 266, andarms I36 and I95 so as to move-the link I63 to the left androck thethreearmed lever I16 coincidentally with key-effected rocking of thetwo-armed lever I64. The band 7 I69 thereby will be movecl to position111' and the line-space lever I66 will be moved to position 111,, thusline-spacing the platen by the powerprovided by the-sprlng2l6. 'Asfsoonas a lobe 226 in the cam engages the roller 226 on -'the arm 2I6, thearm 2I6, shaft I61, and arm 2! will be returned to their startingvpositions, and the dogI2I3 will move under the roller 2, again to holdthe arm 2", arm 2I6, and arm 266 in their starting positions.

' Further.depression oi the key will rock the two-armed lever 'I64addition'allyso as to move the band I66 to'the position IV shown inFigure cated by the arrows in Figure 22. Should the operator not releasethe key I46 bythe time the carriage has been stopped, the springs IilIwill yield sumciently to permit the drum I34 If desired, the carriagemay be moved manually in either direction while the motor 69 continuesto run. To-move the carriage manually in the letter-spacing directiomtheescapementand the carriage is moved manually, or by the back spacer, inthe return direction.

The foregoing description has had reference to two general kinds ofcarriage drive, Figures l to 9 and the accompanying description disclosing a carriage driven by a flexible band in turn driven' by a pulley,and Figures 10 to 27,- inclusive, with .the accompanying description,disclosing a carriage driven by a rack cooperating with the drive gear.Both types of drive are capable of being modified in various ways. In

accordance with one such embodiment, means may be provided for applyinga brake to the carriage during tabulating operations'so as to preventexcessive carriage spe'ed,particularly on long carriage runs.

One example of mechanism for applying a brake to the carriage duringtabulating movementis shown diagrammaticallyin Figure 28. as beingadapted for use in connection withtype writers in which the carriage isdriven by an endless band engaging a drive pulley, the arrangement beingbroadly similar to that 'described with reference to Figures 1 to 9. Asshown in Figure 28,-the carriage B is provided with the escapement rack6 enga'g1n8 the es- 1 capement pinion 6.fast with the escapement'la'ting finger 234 is engageablo in the usual manner with the tabularstops one of'which, 236, is

wheel I controlled by dogs -6 and 9. The escape-- ment'rack 6 is carriedby pivoted arms one, 23 I, oi which is shown. Forperforming .tabulatingmovements, the rack is lifted from'thepinion 6 by means of a lifting arm262 pivoted asv at 263 on the carriage, the lifting movement of the,"varm 232 being effected by movement of the lower end of a tabulatingfinger 234 pivoted onthe carriage as at 236. The upper. end-of thetabushown carried on a tabular stcp bar 231 tlxedto of the tabulatingfinger. 234, a spring 242 inter posed between the end of the link 24!and the finger 234 providing for continued depression of the key 238after the finger 234 has moved to tabulating position. The carriage isadapted to be driven by means of a band 243 passing around a drivepulley 244 and an idler pulley 245, one stretch of the band being guidedby rollers 246 and-241. The roller 241 is carried on a swinging arm 248pivoted on the frame as at 249 and connected to the upper end of the keyarm 240 by means of a spring 259.

In operation, when the key 238 is depressed, the rack is lifted clear ofthe escapement pinion 5 and the carriage is driven in the direction ofthe full-line arrow in Figure 28 by rotation of the pulley 244 drivenand controlled similarly to the pulley I4 embodied in the form shown inFigures .1 to 9. While the carriage is being driven during thetabulating movement, it may be retarded to prevent excessive speed byfurther depression of the key 239, permitted by yielding of the spring242, which will rock the arm 248 and the roller 241 carried thereby soas to place the band 243 under increased tension, and thereby to exert adrag which retards the carriage.

Figures 29, 3 0, and 31show a modified form of planetary gear'driveparticularly suited for This embodiment has in common with theembodlment shown in Figures 1 to 9 that the carriage is use inconnection with high speed motors.

driven by a band operated by a pulley driven through planetary gearing,but differs from the form shown in-F'igures 1 to 9 in that a mechanicalfriction drive is used instead of a fluid coupling for transmittingletter-space movement drive to the carriage. As shown in Figure 29, ahigh speed motor shaft 25! extends through and is secured to a carrier252, the projecting end of the shaft extending into an inner sleeve 253which is surrounded by and journals an outer sleeve 254 supported forrotation'in a bushing 255 carried by a frame-mounted bracket 256. Fastto one end of the sleeve 253- is a sun gear 251 having forty-seventeeth, and a brake drum 258 is fixed to the other end of the sleeve. toone end of the outer sleeve 254 is a sun gear 259 having forty-nineteeth, and fast with the other end of the sleeve 254 is a brake drum269. A third sun gear 26! having forty-eight teeth is loose on thesleeve 254. The sun gears 251, 259, and 26! .all mesh with pinions 262fixed to rotate- The teeth of the sun gear 26! and the teeth of thecooperating pinion 262 may be formed to mesh with no more than apermissible back lash. To compensate for somewhat greater back lashbetween the teeth of the sun gears 251 and 259 and the tee h of theirassociated pinions with manufacturing economy, each pinion 262 isstamped from blanks of standard pitch and epi- Fast cycloidal toothprofile. The pinion 262 cooperating with the sun gear 251 may be formedof two of such blanks, 262 and 262 laid together and secured inangularly displaced relation by rivets 262, as shown in Figure 31, totake up or compensate for the undesirable back lash which otherwisewould be present. The pinion 262 ccoperating with the sun gear 259 maybe constructed similarly to reduce back lash.

A pulley 264 free on the outer sleeve 254' is held up against a frictiondisc 265 interposed between the pulley and the sun gear 26! by means ofa spring 266. A band 261 trained around the pulley 264 is adapted to beconnected to and to drive the carriage in a manner similar to the band!2 in the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 9. The arrangement is suchthat, when the sun gear 26! is rotated in one direction and the carriageis held by the escapement mechanism, the friction drive between the sungear and pulley 264 will slip, permitting the carriage to be held by theescapement mechanism. When the escapement mechanism is released and thesun gear continues to rotate in the same direction, drive will betransmitted frictionally to the pulley 264 for effecting letter-spacemovement ofthe carriage. When the sun gear 26! is rotated in theopposite direction, drive will be tran'smittedfrictionally through thedisc 265 to the pulley to return the carriage.

For controlling the rotation of the sun gear 26! and pulley 264, a brakeband 268 surrounds the brake drum 258 and has its ends connected to pins269 and 219, respectively, on levers 21! and 212 pivoted as at 213 onthe bracket 25B, and urged together by a spring 214. The spring 214normally holds the band 268 applied to the drum 258. For releasing theband 268, a doubleacting earn 215 carried by a rock shaft 216 isinterposed between the levers 21! and 212. An

- arm 211 secured to the shaft 216 is connected rotate clockwise abouttheir own axes.

by a link 218 to an arm 219 fast on a shaft 290 pivoted on the bracket256. A pull link 28! connected to the arm 219 is adapted to be connectedto a suitable carriage return key, not shown. A brake band 282surrounding the brake drum 260 normally'is not applied to the drum, butis connected through springs 283 to an arm 284jfast with the shaft 289,so that, upon rocking of the shaft, the band 282 will be appliedfrictionally to the drum 260.

In operation of the form shown in Figures 29, 30, and 31, and assumingthe motor shaft 25! and carrier 252 to be rotating in a clockwisedirection as viewed when looking in the direction of the arrow in Figure29, and the carriage to be held against letter-spacing movement by theusual escapement mechanism, the band 268 will be applied to the drum258, but the band 282 will be free of the drum 269. The sun gear 251will be held stationary "by the brake band 269 acting upon the 'drum258. The planetary pinions 252 will move clockwise in an orbital'pathand will The sun gear 259, the sleeve 254, the brake drum 269, and thesun gear 26! all will turn clockwise.

Turning of the sun' gear 26! while the pulley 264 is maintainedstationary by the escapement mechanism is permitted by slippage of thegear 26! on the friction disc 264.

When .the operator depresses a key lever or the space bar. and thusreleases the escapement, the parts continue to rotate in the samemanner. as just described, but the pulley 264 also will be drivenclockwise by the sun gear 26! and fric- 292 on the shaft I81 and thelock gear I I2.

anti-friction bearing 293 is interposed between I 2,279,141 tion disc'285 so as to drive the band 281 and move the carriage in theletter-spacing direction In order to return the carriage, the link 28Iis pulled by means of a suitable control such as a key (not shown),thereby releasing the brake band 268 so as to free the sun gear 251 and,simultaneously, to apply the brake band 282 to the drum 288 so as tohold the sun gear 259 against rotation. The" pinions 282 will continueto be moved clockwise in an orbital path, and will rotat clockwise abouttheir own axis, because of the engagement of the middle pinion 282 withthe locked sun gear 259. The pinion 262 engaging the sun gear 28I willdrive the latter reversely, that is, in a counterclockwise direction, todrive the pulley 284 reversely through the friction disc 285'so as todrive the band 281 and move the carriage in the return direction.

Figure 32 shows a simple form of mechanical friction drive planetarygear apparatus which-is adapted for use in connection with the mechanismshown in Figures 10, 11, and 16, wherein the carriage is driven by arack engaging a drive gear. The mechanism shown in Figure 32 is carriedby a shaft I81 mounted on brackets H8 and I23, as in Figures 11 and 16.The bracket II8 comprises a flange II fixed to the frame A and a flangeIIII spaced from the frame A and connected to the flang I I8 by a webH8, the

flange II8 therefore being capable of a slight displacement axially ofthe shaft I81, due to the resiliency of the bracket. 'The end of theshaft I81 carried by the bracket I23 is so mounted on the bracket as tobe capable of axial sliding movement. The carrier gear II I is rotatableon the shaft and is equipped with the cam 221 In operation, and havingreference to the mechanism shown in Figure 32 when viewed in thedirection of the arrow 31, the carrier gear III will be drivencontinuously in a clockwise direction. When the carriage is held at restby the escapement mechanism, the lock gear I I2 and the sun gear 281will be free. Hence the carrier in the same manner as shown in Figures10, 11, N

rotation with a sun gear 281 having twenty-seven teeth. The connectionbetween the lock gear H2 and sun gear 281 comprises a slot 288 in thesun gear extending parallel to the axis of the shaft I81 and receiving apin 289 fixed to the hub of the lock gear II2, the arrangement beingsuch that the lock gear and the sun gear are constrained to rotatetogether but can have relative axial sliding movement. A drive gear 88fast with a sun gear 298 having twenty-six teeth is I in mesh witha'carriage rack 81. An anti-friction bearing 29I is interposed between acollar the cam 221 on the carrier gear Ill and the flange II8 of thebracket H8. For adjustably urging the bracket flange II8 toward the leftas viewed in Figure 32 to increase the frictional contact between thecarrier gear II I and the sun gear 281, and between the sun gear 281 andthe sun gear 298, a spring 294 is interposed between one side of thebracketfiange I I8 the bracket flange IIII and a. knurled nut 295 Figure32, this gear being driven by mechanical friction. The lock gear H2 isadapted to mesh with a brake pinion, not shown, but similar to thepinion I35 shown in Figures 10, 11, and 16.

val

gear II I will rotate idly, as permitted by the slip between thecarriergear and the sun gear 281 and the slip between the sun gear 281 and thesun gear 298. When the escapement released as by the depression of a keylever or the space bar, the lock gear II2 will still be free to turn,and the gear 88 will be driven clockwise through the frictional contactbetween the carrier gear I II and the sun gear 281, and the frictionalcontact between thesun gear 281 and the sun gear 290.

a clockwise in an orbital path and cause it to rotate clockwise aboutits own axis, thereby rotating the sun gear 298 and carriage drive gear88 counterclockwise so as to drive the rack 81 and move the carriage inthe return direction.

Figure 33 shows another modification in which the carriage is driven inletter-spacing direction through a mechanical friction connection. Inthis embodiment a shaft 291 is carried by the bracket I23 and bracketflange II8 capable of some movement axially with respect to the shaft.'Agear 298 in mesh with a pinion 299 driven by a flexible shaft 388 isrotatable about the shaft 291 and is equipped with a re-setting cam 221similar to the cam shown in Figures 10, 11, and 16. The gear 298 is fastwith a sun gear I8 which is journaled on the shaft 291. A hub 382journaled on the shaft 291 mounts a lock gear 383 in mesh'with the brakepinion I35. A carrier 384 is mounted on the hub 382 for limited axialmovement but is constrained to rotate with the. hub and the gear 383 bymeans of a pin 384 'fixed to the hub and engaged in .a slot 384' formedin the carrier. The lock gear 383, the hub 382, and the carrier 384together constitute a lock gear and carrier assembly. The carrier 384 isprovided with a stud 385 journaling a planetary pinion 386. A carriagedrive gear 381 journaled on the hub 382 is in mesh with the carriagerack 81 and is equipped with 'an annular internally toothed gear 383meshing with the planetary pinion 386.

An anti-friction bearing 389 is interposed between a collar 3I8 on theshaft 291 and the lock gear hub 382. An anti-friction bearing 3 isinterposed between the gears 298 and 38I and is positioned between theother side of the bracket flange 8 and a knurled nut 3I3 engaging athreaded portion 3I4 of the shaft 291, the arrangement being. such thatturning of the nut -3I3 will vary the frictional,contactbetween the faceof the sun gear 38I and the contiguous face of the carrier 384 andwillvary the friction between the opposite face of the carrier and theear381. W F

In operation, and viewing the gearing shown in Figure 33 in thedirection of the arrow 2, the

shaft 388 is driven constantly to drive the gear 298 and sun gear 38Iclockwise. -When the rack Aspring 3I2.

81 is held against movement by the escapement mechanism (not shown), andthe lock gear and carrier assembly is free to turn, slippage can occurbetween the constantly driven sun gear 3M and the lock gear and carrierassembly, and slippage also can occur between the assembly and the drivegear 301. Consequently, the gear 298 and sun gear I can'continue torevolve while the carriage is held stationary. When the escapement isreleased by the depression of the key lever or the space bar, thefriction between the sun gear 30! and the lock gear and carrier assemblydrives the latter clockwise, and the friction between the assembly andthe gear 301 will drive the gear 301 clockwise so as to move the rack 81and carriage in the letter-spacing direction.

In order to effect a carriage return movement,

the lock gear and carrier assembly is held stationary, as by applicationof a brake to a drum fast with the pinion I 35. The gear 298 and sungear "I will continue to rotate clockwise, and, since the carrier 304 isheld stationary, the planetary pinion 306 will rotate counterclockwise,thereby driving the annular gear 308 and gear 301 counterclockwise, andmoving the rack 81 and carriage in the retum-direction.

The structures disclosed herein embody the invention in'practical andthe now preferred forms, but it will be understood that various changesmay be made without departing from the invention as defined in theclaims.

I claim:

1. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame; a carriage mounted thereonfor letter-spacing and return travel; a motor; a fluid couplingincluding an impeller connected to the motor and a runner fluid-drivenby the impeller; a carriage driving element; driving connectionsinterposed between the driving element and both the motor and the runnerand including planetary gearing interposed between the driving elementand the motor; and means for controlling the connections including thegearing to transmit drive to said driving element selectively fromsaid'runner, or from said motor independently of said runner.

2. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame; a carriage mounted thereonfor letter-spacing and return travel; a motor; a fluidcoupling-including an impeller connected to the motor and arunner'fluid-driven by the impeller; a carriage driving element; drivingconnections interposed between the driving element and both the motorand the runner and including planetary gearing interposed between thedriving element and the motor; and means for controlling the connectionsincluding the gearing to transmit drive to said driving elementselectively from said runner to move the carriage in letter-spacingdirection or from said motor independently of said runner to move thecarriage in the return direction.

, 3. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame;

a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel; amotor; a fluid coupling including an impeller connected to the motor anda runner fluid-driven by the impeller; a carriage driving element; afirst sun gear in driving con nection with the carriage driving elementand with the runner; a second sun gear; planetary pinion means meshingwith both sun gears and 1 being rotatable orbitally around the sun gearsby said motor; and normally released control means operable at will forpreventing rotation of said second sun gear.

4. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame; a carriage mounted thereonfor letter-spacing and return travel; a motor; a fluid couplingincluding an impeller connected to the motor and a runner'fluid-drivenby the impeller; a carriage driving element; a first sun gear in drivingconnection with. the carriage driving element and with the runner; asecond sun gear; planetary pinion means meshing with both sun gears andbeing rotatable orbitally around the sun gears by-said motor;. andnormallyreleased control means operable at will for preventing rotationof said second sun gear, the effective drive ratios between said pinionmeans and said two sun gears respectively being such that, when saidsecond sun gear is released by said control means, said first sun gearis rotated by said runner to letter-space the carriage, and, when saidsecond sun gear is prevented from rotating by said control means, saidfirst sun gear is rotated reversely to return the carriage.

5. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame; a carriage mounted thereonfor letter-spacing and return travel; a motor; a fluid couplingincluding an impeller connected to the motor and a runner fluid-drivenby the impeller; a carriage driving element; a first sun gear in drivingconnection with the carriage driving element and with said runner; asecond sun gear coaxial with the first sun gear; planetary pinion meansengaging both sun gears and adapted tobe motor-driven orbitally aboutthe sun gears, the drive ratio from said first sun gear to said-pinionmeans being lower than the drive ratio from said second sun gear to saidpinion means; a .brake drum rotatable with said second sun gear; andcontrol means including a friction member normally operativelydisengaged from said drum but -engageable therewith atwill.

6. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame; a carriage mounted thereonfor letter-spacing and return travel; a constantly running motor;connections between said motor and carriage comprising a shaft, acarriage-driving element fast with said shaft, :3. first sun gearfastwith said shaft, a brake drum, a second sun gear fast with said brakedrum, said second sun gear and brake drum being rotatable relatively tosaid first sun gear and said shaft, 9. fiuid coupling including animpeller connected directly to said motor to be driven thereby and arunner connected to said shaft for driving the latter, said impeller,said runner, said sun gears, said shaft, and said brake drum beingcoaxial, and planetary pinion means joumaled on said impeller 7. In atypewriting or like machine, a frame;

acarriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel; aconstantly running motor;

1 connections between said motor and carriage comprising a shaft, acarriage-driving element fast with said shaft, a first sun gear fastwith said shaft, a brake drum, 8. second sun gear fast with said brakedrum, said second 'sun gear and pinion means jdurn'aled on said impellerand in mesh with said sun gears; a'normally inactive brake band adaptedto be applied to said brake drum; a brake band operating member; and-ayieldable connection between said member and said brake band.

, 8. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame;

a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacing and return movements; amotor; driving connections between said motor and said carriageincluding -a fluid coupling device which comprises a pressure fluid,housing, an impeller, and a runwith said pulley and said rollers so asto extend adjacent the carriage in the direction of its travel; meansconnecting the band to the carriage; an adjustably' tensioned springconnected to said lever for urging the lever to rock about its pivot forvariably tensioning said band; and means for driving said pulleyselectively inopposite directions for effecting carriage letter-spacingand return travel respectively. r

10. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame; a carriage mountedthereonfor letter-spacing and return travel; a pulley journaled on theframe; a looped band peripherally engaging said pulley and beingconnected to said carriage; means cooperable with said' pulley formounting said band and for training it to extend adjacent the carriageand in the direction of its travel; means for driving said pulleyselectively in opposite directions for efiecting carriage letter-spacingand return travel respectively; a ribbon feed drive shaft; and one-waydrive connections between said s'haft and said band.

11. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame;

' drum; a ribbon feed driveshaft; and a pinion connected to said shaftand meshing with said gear.

12. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame;

a carriage mounted thereon for letter-spacingand return travel; a rackfixed to said carriage; a gear journaled on said frame and meshing withsaid rack; a motor; fluid coupled and cushioned drive connectionsbetween said motor and said gear for driving the latter-to move thecarriage in letter-spacing direction; and planetary gearing drivingconnections between the motor and said gear operable at willfor drivingthe carriage in return direction.

13. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame; a carriage mountedthereon for letter-spacing and return travel; a motor; a shaft; acarrier journaled on said shaft; a lock gear journaled on said shaft; acarriage drive gear joumaled to rotate about said shaft; a first sungear fast with said lock gear; a brake drum rotatablewith a carriagemounted thereon for letter-spacing and return travel; a motor; a shaft;a carrier 7 joumaled on said shaft; a lock gear joumaled said pinion; abrake band adapted to be engaged with said drum; means drivinglyconnecting said motor to'said carrier; and fluid-coupled drivingconnections between the motor and the carriage drive gear.

14. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame;

I on said shaft; a carriage drive gear journaled to rotate about saidshaft; a first sun gear fast with said drive gear; a second sun gearfast with said lock gear, said sun gears and said drive gear beingcoaxial with said shaft; planetary pinion means journaled' on saidcarrier and engaging said sun gears respectively, the drive ratio fromsaid first sun gear to said pinion means being lower than the driveratio from said second 'sun gear to said pinion means; a pinion meshingwith said lock gear; a brake drum rotatable a kinetic type fluidcoupling device including an impeller driven by said motor and a runner;and

' belt and pulley drive connections between said runner and saidcarriage drive gear.

15. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame; a carriage mountedthereon for lettenspacing and return travel; a motor; a shaft; a carrierjournaled on said shaft; a lock gear journaled on said shaft; a carriagedrive gear journalcd to rotate about said shaft; a first sun gear fastwith said drive gear; a second sun gear fast .With said lock gear, saidsun gears and said drivegear being coaxial with said shaft; planetarypinion means journaled on said carrier and engaging said sun gearsrespectively, the drive ratio from said first sun gear to said pinionmeans being lower'than the drive ratio from said second sun gear to saidpinion means; a pinion meshing with said lock gear; a brake drumrotatable with said pinion; a brake band adapted to be engaged with saiddrum; means drivingly connectingsaid motor to said carrier;fluid-coupled driving connections between the motor and the a carriagedrive gear; a ribbon feed drive shaft; and gear and pinion connectionsbetween said drive shaft and said carriage drive gear.

7 16. In a typewriting or like machine,.a frame; a carriage mountedthereon .for letter-spacing and return travel; a motor;letter-spacing'and return travel driving connections between the motorand carriage including planetary gearing comprising a carrier driven bysaid motor, a

' sun gear, drivingly connected to'the carriage, a

second sun gear, planetary pinion means journaled on the carrier andmeshing with said sun gears, a brake drum connected to'said second sungear, and a friction brake element engageable with saidbrake drum; andkey-controlled means for effecting engagement of said friction brakeelement with said drum smoothly and gradually.

17. In a typewriting or like machine, a frame;

